Numerous technologies exist for the collection, treatment and reuse of excreta, greywater or wastewater. Here, we provide technology reviews for some technologies commonly used as toilets or as treatment systems in ecosan systems. For a more comprehensive review of technologies, please refer to the Eawag-Sandec Compendium of 2008 (see under further information > further publications > recommended reading) or to the working groups of the SuSanA (see under Cooperation > SuSanA).

1. Urine diversion components
2. Constructed wetlands
3. Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)
4. Composting toilets
5. Biogas sanitation 

Technology Review 1: Urine diversion components

• Overview of urine diversion components such as waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, urine storage and reuse systems
  Version of May 2011. Hard copies are available on request.
  giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf, 1.79 MB (English)
• Appendix 1: Worldwide listing of suppliers for waterless urinals
  Last updated: 15 April 2011
  giz2011-en-appendix-1-waterless-urinals-suppliers-list.pdf, 0.30 MB (English)
• Appendix 2: Worldwide listing of suppliers for urine diversion squatting pans (for UDDTs or for urine diversion flush toilets)
  Last updated: 15 April 2011
  giz2011-en-appendix-2-UD-squatting-pans-suppliers-list.pdf, 0.35 MB (English)
• Appendix 3: Worldwide listing of suppliers for urine diversion pedestals/seats (for UDDTs or for UD flush toilets)
  Last updated: 15 April 2011
  giz2011-en-appendix-3-UD-pedestals-suppliers-list.pdf, 0.42 MB (English)

Technologie Review 2: Constructed wetlands

• Subsurface flow constructed wetlands for greywater and domestic wastewater treatment
  Version of 15 February 2011. Hard copies are available on request.
  giz2011-en-technology-review-constructed-wetlands.pdf, 2.36 MB (English)

Technology Review 3: Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)

• Basic description of urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)
  Last updated: October 2011
  giz2011-en-technology-review-udd-toilets.pdf, 1.25 MB (English)
• Dehydration toilets - User instructions - selected examples
  www.susana.org/posters, 0 MB
• Technical drawings of urine diversion dehydration toilets on SuSanA website:
  www.susana.org/technical-drawings/uddts, 0 MB

Technology Review 4: Composting toilets

• Basic overview of composting toilets
  Last updated: 14 September 2010
  gtz2010-en-technology-review-composting-toilets.pdf, 0.50 MB (English)
• Appendix: Range of manufacturers and commercially available composting toilets
  Version of  1 December 2009
  gtz2009-technology-review-composting-toilets-appendix.pdf, 0.39 MB (English)

Technology Review 5: Biogas sanitation

• Biogas sanitation for black water or brown water, or excreta treatment and reuse in developing countries
  Last updated: 14 July 2010
  gtz2010-en-technology-review-biogas-sanitation.pdf, 3.33 MB (English)