At first sight, developing countries appear to face the same starting conditions and challenges. In reality, however, conditions vary widely from country to country and from region to region. Decentralised decision-making processes offer solutions appropriate to local circumstances.

Decentralisation: A central issue
There is a growing demand, also in rural regions, for good – i.e. competent – governance so that appropriate rural development strategies can be planned and implemented effectively. Decentralised administrative structures play a key role in this context, with citizens being consulted to the greatest possible extent by the relevant administrative bodies (e.g. at local, county or provincial level) and participating in decision-making. The underlying rationale is that progress can only be achieved if the decision-making processes are transparent and are supported by stakeholders.
Decentralised planning and implementation require deep-seated changes to the attitudes and practice of administration, especially at national and regional level. However, the reality often does not keep pace with the declarations of political intent. The projects supported by GTZ are designed to close that gap. 

Facilitating participation
The main objective of decentralised rural development is to transfer responsibility for decision-making that directly affects rural communities to the lowest tier of government, as far as possible. The decision-making process thus becomes transparent for all stakeholders, opening up opportunities for citizens' participation at the local level. Based on many years of extensive experience in this area, GTZ advises on the technical and procedural aspects of decentralisation and local good governance. This advice is targeted towards various levels, including the national level. Priority is given to training for government agencies and non-governmental organisations and actors. Decisions supported by citizens facilitate solutions which are more needs-oriented, innovative and cost-effective. This results in successful decentralised rural development processes.

The route to success
The quality of services, including those delivered by the private sector, is becoming the benchmark of success in rural development. In this context, it is essential to achieve a balance of interests that favours disadvantaged demographic groups – which, in many developing countries, still include women – based on appropriate decision-making, coordination and mediation. Properly conducted elections of community representatives are essential in this context.