Almost half of the world’s population lives near transboundary rivers and lakes and depends on these for their livelihoods. Globally, more than 260 catchment areas are shared by two or more countries, and conflicts can arise over the use of this vital resource. However, transboundary water cooperation has the potential to make water a catalyst for sustainable development in riparian nations.

The lives of roughly 160 million people in ten countries are tied to the Nile, for example. A few years ago there was still much conflict over the allocation of its water. Today, the countries concerned cooperate in the Nile Basin Initiative. With support from GIZ, they develop joint solutions for transboundary water management. The goal is to ensure the more equitable distribution and efficient use of water resources. It is important to consider not only water required for domestic use and agriculture but also for industry and energy production.

The key to success lies in the organisations that mediate between riparian nations and reconcile the varied interests of water users. GIZ therefore supports the establishment of river basin commissions for rivers such as the Nile, the Congo, the Niger and the Mekong, and for Lake Chad. GIZ also cooperates with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and supports the five countries of central Asia in resolving water conflicts.

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